“文体”是文学批评中历史悠久然而却常遭曲解的术语之一。同样,源自“文体”的“文体学”一词也是一个模糊混乱的概念。作为一种文学本体的研究,在中国古典文论中早就有之。但作为一门系统化方法论化的文学理论分支学科,我们还只见之于西方的文学理论。这不仅仅指现当代以前中国的文学理论中没有“文体学”这一明确术语(有“文章学”),更是指中国传统文论中的有关文体理论与作为学科的“文体学”理论有着内涵上的差异。所以,对于中国及西方传统的文体理论作一清本溯源式的反思,是建立当代小说文体学理论不可缺少的第一步。 “Style” is one of the most often but often misunderstood terms in literary criticism. Similarly, the term “stylistics” derived from “stylistic” is also a fuzzy concept. As a literary ontology, it has long existed in Chinese classical literary theory. However, as a systematical methodological branch of literary theory, we also see the Western literary theory. This does not mean that there is no explicit terminology of “stylistics” (“essayology”) in Chinese literary theory before modern China, but also refers to the theory of stylistics in traditional Chinese literary theory and the “stylistics” theory as a discipline There are differences in meaning. Therefore, it is an indispensable first step in establishing a contemporary theory of stylistics of novels that reflection on the traditional stylistic theory of China and the West should be traced back to the source.