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概述德国物理学家伦琴(W.C.Rontgen)于1895年研究阴极射线时,将嵌有阴阳两个板形金属电极的玻璃管抽气,使管内气体达到一定的稀薄程度(压强低于10~(-4)乇)然后在两个电极之间加上几万伏高压,这时阴极发出自由电子流,这种电子流叫做阴极射线。阴极射线是直线传播的,它的方向和阴极表面垂直而与阳极在管中的位置无关(图1)。后来又发现,当阳极加上高压后,放在玻璃管附近的涂有铂氰化钡的纸屏上呈现可见荧光。这种射线还能穿透纸板、书籍、衣服等物。更为惊奇的是,它能在荧光屏上显示出手指的骨骼。当时还弄不清这种射线的性质,也不能全面地、正确地解释它的发生原理,就以数学中的未知数“X”来命名。后来人们为表彰伦琴发现X线的功迹,又称这种射线为伦琴射线。
Overview WCRontgen, a German physicist, studied the cathode ray in 1895 by pumping the glass tube with two plate-shaped metal electrodes, yin and yang, so that the gas in the tube reached a certain level of leanness (pressure below 10 - 4) Torr) Then tens of thousands of volts is applied between the two electrodes, at which point the cathode emits a free electron flow, which is called cathode ray. The cathode ray travels linearly, with its direction perpendicular to the cathode surface regardless of the position of the anode in the tube (Figure 1). Later, it was found that when the anode plus high pressure, placed in the vicinity of the glass tube coated with platinum barium cyanide showed visible fluorescence screen. This ray can penetrate cardboard, books, clothes and other objects. Even more surprising is that it shows the fingers of the bones on the screen. At that time, the nature of such a ray was not known, nor was it fully and correctly explained. The principle of its occurrence was named after the unknown “X” in mathematics. Later, Roentgen Ren Xuan in order to recognize the merits of X-ray, also known as this ray is Roentgen ray.