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[目的]了解麻阳县小学生HBsAg携带情况,探索小学生乙肝预防措施,有效降低乙肝发病率。[方法]采用分层整群抽样,以ELISA方法检测被调查者乙肝两对半。[结果](1)该人群HBsAg阳性率为3.04%,其中男生阳性率为3.74%,女生阳性率2.29%,两者差异具有统计学意义(P﹤0.01);(2)各年龄组中,HBsAg阳性率最高是12岁组(3.98%),最低是6岁组(1.79%),各年龄组HBsAg阳性率差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);(3)各学校中,HBsAg阳性率最高的是民族小学(3.51%),最低的是黄桑小学(2.57%),经统计学处理,各学校间HBsAg阳性率差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);(4)县城学生HBsAg阳性率为3.51%,乡(镇)学生为2.75%,两者之间的差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);(5)感染类别分布,抗-HBs的总阳性率为44.44%,大三阳为0.95%,小三阳为1.38%。[结论](1)该县小学生HBsAg阳性率相对较高,性别差异依然存在;(2)乙肝疫苗接种工作取得了显著的成效,以致改变了乙肝在该县小学生人群中的城乡分布;(3)总的抗-HBs的阳性率不高,还存在大量的易感者,应在小学生中大力开展乙肝疫苗补种和强化接种工作。
[Objective] To understand the HBsAg carriers in primary school students in Mayang County and to explore the preventive measures of hepatitis B in primary school students so as to reduce the incidence of hepatitis B effectively. [Methods] Stratified cluster sampling was used to detect hepatitis B patients by ELISA. [Results] (1) The positive rate of HBsAg in this population was 3.04%. The positive rate of HBsAg was 3.74% in boys and 2.29% in girls, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). (2) Among all age groups, The positive rate of HBsAg was the highest in 12-year-old group (3.98%) and the lowest was 6-year-old group (1.79%). There was no significant difference in HBsAg positive rate among all age groups (P> 0.05) (3.51%), and the lowest was Huangsan Primary School (2.57%). There was no significant difference in HBsAg positive rate among all schools (P> 0.05). (4) HBsAg positive rate among county students was statistically significant Rate was 3.51%, township (town) students was 2.75%, the difference between the two was not statistically significant (P> 0.05); (5) The distribution of infection, the total positive rate of anti-HBs was 44.44% Yang is 0.95%, Xiao Yang is 1.38%. [Conclusion] (1) The positive rate of HBsAg among primary school pupils in this county is relatively high, and the gender difference still exists. (2) The hepatitis B vaccination has achieved remarkable results, which has changed the urban-rural distribution of hepatitis B among primary school pupils in this county. ) The overall positive rate of anti-HBs is not high, there are still a large number of susceptible, hepatitis B vaccine should be vigorously carried out in re-vaccination and intensive work.