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我们育成了适于淮北地区的“泗阳117”、“泗阳936”等小麦新品种,高产栽培亩产超过1200斤。体会如下:(一)育种目标的设计:应以生态型为前提,以综合丰产性为基础,以株型为突破口。淮北地区小麦品种的基本生态特性应为半冬性,中、早熟,抗锈病与白粉病,熟相正常。产量结构在强调综合丰产性的基础上,着重抓穗数与粒重两个因素,粒数亦有潜力。株型要求高矮适中(80—90cm),茎节配置合理,即下部节间矮壮,中部缩短,上部比例适度伸长。(二)种质资源的选配:一是广泛采用南北不同生态型、冬性(半冬性)与春性类型的品种进行杂交;二是在严格选定基础亲本的前提下,选配相应的补偿亲本;三是要善于发现、创造、利用具有特色的材料,进行复合阶梯杂交。(三)杂交后代评选:有重点地选留材料,扩大群体,加强高世代连续选择。
We have developed new wheat varieties such as “Siyang 117” and “Siyang 936” suitable for the Huaibei area, with over 1200 kg of high-yielding cultivated per mu. Experience as follows: (A) the design of breeding objectives: should be ecotype as the premise, based on the comprehensive high yield, plant type as a breakthrough. The basic ecological characteristics of the wheat varieties in Huaibei should be semi-winter, middle and early maturity, rust resistance and powdery mildew, and the cooked phase is normal. On the basis of emphasizing the comprehensive yield and yield structure, the output structure focuses on two factors, namely panicle number and grain weight, and the number of particles also has potential. Moderately demanding plant type (80-90cm), stem section configuration is reasonable, that is, lower internodes short, shortened in the middle, the upper part of the moderate elongation. (B) the selection of germplasm resources: First, the widespread use of different ecological types of North and South, winter (semi-winter) and spring types of hybrids; the second is based on the strict selection of the parent base, matching the corresponding Of the compensation parents; third is to be good at discovering, creating, using unique materials, composite ladder hybridization. (C) the selection of hybrid offspring: a focused selection of materials, expand groups, to strengthen the continuous selection of high generations.