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生活质量存在于两个相互独立的领域,一个是客观性领域,很多人都基本可以证实同一结果,另一个是主观性领域,由不同个体体验的情感组成。本文关注主观性领域、主观福祉动态平衡理论和测量问题。经验性检测需要依靠有效可信的数据,人们使用最多的测量手段是以领域为单位、依两个重要原则建构的。一是不论残障与否,测量工具适用于所有人,确保判断生活质量的标准普遍适用。二是测量工具应力求简约,因为潜在领域数量可能极其可观,所以人们在决定领域取舍时应严格使用标准。个人福祉指数就符合上述原则。个人福祉指数的建构源自“对生活总体满意”初级层次的拆解。金钱、人际关系和成就感所形成的“金三角”体现出残障者和非残障者获得资源支持的关键。因此,为了有助于将主观福祉维持在正常水准,我们需要针对上述三个领域提供服务。
Quality of life exists in two separate fields, one is the field of objectivity, many people can basically confirm the same result, and the other is the subjective field, composed of emotions experienced by different individuals. This article focuses on subjectivity, the dynamic balance of subjective well-being theory, and measurement issues. Empirical testing relies on valid and credible data, and the most commonly used means of measurement are domain-based, constructed on two important principles. First, regardless of disability or failure, measurement tools apply to all and the criteria for ensuring the quality of life are generally applicable. Second, the measurement tools should be simple, because the number of potential areas may be very impressive, so people should strictly use the standard in the choice of areas to choose. The personal well-being index complies with the above principle. The construction of personal well-being index originated from the dismantling at the primary level of “overall satisfaction with life”. The “Golden Triangle” formed by money, relationships and accomplishments embodies the key to resource support for disabled and non-disabled people. Therefore, in order to help maintain subjective well-being at a normal level, we need to provide services in these three areas.