骆驼体内天然存在缺失轻链的重链抗体,其可变区是最小的功能性抗原结合片段,因其分子大小在纳米级而被称为纳米抗体,具有稳定性强、可溶性好、免疫原性低、容易表达等特点。在介绍这种新型纳米抗体的生物学特性及获得途径的基础上,着重综述了在近几年来纳米抗体在肿瘤诊断与治疗的研究方面取得的重大进展及存在的问题,并对其未来的应用提出了展望。 There are naturally occurring heavy chain antibody with light chain loss in the camel. The variable region is the smallest functional antigen-binding fragment. Because of its molecular size in the nanometer scale, it is called Nanobody, which has the advantages of strong stability, good solubility and immunogenicity Low, easy to express and so on. On the basis of introducing the biological characteristics and obtaining ways of this new type of Nanobody, the progress and problems of Nanobody in the research of tumor diagnosis and treatment in recent years are emphatically reviewed, and its future application Put forward the prospect.