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【目的】研究品种和氮肥运筹对麦后直播棉成铃、产量和株型影响,明确长江流域棉花集中成铃与高产协同表达群体株型特征。【方法】采用大田试验,2014年和2015年前茬均为大麦,2014年以国欣12-1、宜机棉、鲁棉研36为供试品种,设计2种氮肥用量水平(45 kg·hm~(-2)、150 kg·hm~(-2));2015年进一步以国欣12-1为材料,设置2个缓释肥纯氮用量(150 kg·hm~(-2)、225 kg·hm~(-2))和2种运筹(苗肥和花肥质量比分别为70%∶30%和100%∶0)处理,并以常规施肥(纯氮150 kg·hm~(-2))和不施肥为对照。【结果】2014年施纯氮150 kg·hm~(-2)时,国欣12-1籽棉产量达4 014.72 kg·hm~(-2)且显著高于其它处理;2015年苗期一次性施入缓释肥氮素用量150 kg·hm~(-2)的处理比常规施肥处理增产30.96%;前述2个处理下,国欣12-1成铃也较为集中,8月15日至8月30日成铃数占总成铃数比率(成铃率)分别达31.8%,26.1%,均高于其它处理。相关分析表明同期成铃率与籽棉产量极显著正相关(r_(2014)=0.948**、r_(2015)=0.976**)。进一步分析株型指标与8月15日至8月30日成铃率、籽棉产量的关系,提出了长江流域大麦后直播棉群体优化指标。【结论】大麦后直播棉群体优化指标可以实现高产和集中成铃的协同表达。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of nitrogen and nitrogen fertilizers on the boll forming, yield and plant type of direct seeding cotton in wheat field and to determine the characteristics of plant type in synergistic expression of cotton boll and high yield cotton in the Yangtze River Basin. 【Method】 The field trials were conducted on barley in both 2014 and 2015. In 2014, two varieties of nitrogenous fertilizer (45 kg · hm -2 and 150 kg · hm -2 respectively. In 2015, two slow release fertilizers (150 kg · hm -2) were applied to Guoxin 12-1, 225 kg · hm -2 and two fertilizers (70%, 30%, and 100%, respectively), and were treated with conventional fertilizer (pure nitrogen 150 kg · hm ~ (- 2)) and no fertilization as control. 【Result】 The results showed that the seed cotton yield of Guoxin 12-1 reached 4 014.72 kg · hm -2 and was significantly higher than other treatments when applying pure nitrogen of 150 kg · hm -2 in 2014; Applying 150 kg · hm -2 of slow release fertilizer increased the yield by 30.96% compared with the conventional fertilization treatment. Under the above two treatments, Guoxin 12-1 boll was also concentrated, and from August 15 to August 8 On the 30th, the number of bells into the total number of bells reached to 31.8% and 26.1% respectively, all higher than other treatments. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation (r_ (2014) = 0.948 **, r_ (2015) = 0.976 **). Further analysis of plant type indicators and the August 15 to August 30 the rate of bolls, the relationship between seed cotton production, the Yangtze River basin barley post-broadcast cotton population optimization indicators. 【Conclusion】 The optimized index of direct cotton population after barley can achieve the synergistic expression of high yield and concentration of bolls.