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有明一代277年历史,以明英宗正统十四年(1449年)的“土木堡之变”为界,前八十余年为上升时期,这一阶段经洪武年间(1368—1398年)的休养生息、建文帝时靖难之役,到汉王朱高煦叛乱被平定,统治集团内部的斗争渐趋消弭,明王朝的统治步入正常轨道。这一阶段经济发展,社会稳定,至明仁宗、明宣宗统治时期(1425—1435年间),全社会终于出现了一派歌舞升平的繁荣景象,《明史纪事本末》作者谷应泰说“明
The 277-year history of the Ming and Qing dynasties is based on the transformation of the ”Civil Code" of the Ming Emperor Zhengzong for 14 years (1449). The first eighty years were the period of ascension. During this period, Hongwu Period (1368-1989) Recuperation, the reign of Emperor Jianwen at Jingdian, the rebellion of King Han Zhu Zhuo Xu was settled, the struggle within the ruling group was gradually eliminated, and the reign of the Ming Dynasty entered a normal orbit. At this stage of economic development and social stability, the Ming Renzong and Ming Emperor Xuanzong reign (1425-1435) led to the prosperity of the entire society. The Gu Mingtai