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面对日益严重的环境污染,“碳关税”征收与否以及如何征收成为当前各界关注的一个焦点。本文从需求价格弹性角度探讨碳关税对贸易和福利的影响,并且将由于高碳产品高耗能原因导致的对环境的损害考虑到社会总福利的模型中,最终从企业及政府双重角度讨论碳关税的有效性及决定碳关税及出口量的最优值,讨论最优碳关税税率制定时所需要考虑的重要影响因素并得出基本结论。政策建议为:自觉督促自身减排工作的开展;全球合作并协助发展中国家进行减排;碳关税对发展中国家产业优化力度的促进;加强对高科技产业的扶持,努力开展低碳经济;促进出口贸易产品结构的低碳化;进一步加快我国产业结构的调整,加大各企业的减排力度。
Faced with the increasingly serious environmental pollution, the “carbon tariffs” or not and how the expropriation has become a focus of attention from all walks of life. This paper explores the impact of carbon tariffs on trade and welfare from the perspective of demand price elasticity and takes into account the total welfare of the society due to the environmental damage caused by the high energy consumption of high-carbon products. Finally, carbon and carbon are discussed in a dual perspective The effectiveness of tariffs and the optimal value of carbon tariffs and export volume to discuss the important factors that should be considered during the formulation of the optimal carbon tariff rate and draw the basic conclusions. Policy recommendations: consciously supervise their own emission reduction work; global cooperation and assist developing countries to reduce emissions; carbon tariffs on industrialization in developing countries to promote efforts to promote; strengthen the support for high-tech industries and strive to carry out low-carbon economy; Promote the low carbonization of the product structure of export trade, further speed up the adjustment of industrial structure in our country and increase the emission reduction efforts of all enterprises.