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在《麦克白》中,苏格兰代表的时代精神不是信仰的失落或危机,而是恰恰相反,它遭遇到了新的信仰,新的价值理想———福音教化。麦克白的悲剧,实质上是一个英雄在遭遇新的宗教准则后无所适从,继而把其原本所信奉的尚武精神错误地与基督教义相混淆后,所产生的自我分裂的悲剧。《麦克白》就是在异教勇士伦理与基督教福音教化之间的张力中上演的,而麦克白就是表现这种矛盾冲突的典型人物。莎士比亚的视野是广阔的,任何企图以单一的模式(例如认为它是纯基督教悲剧或仅仅运用道德批评来看待剧本)来理解莎剧的做法都是片面的。本文将会以深入分析剧本为主,试图寻找某些被忽略了的东西。
In “Macbeth”, the spirit of the times represented by the Scottish representative is not the loss or crisis of faith, but on the contrary, it encounters new beliefs and new values and ideals --- evangelization. The tragedy of Macbeth is essentially a self-splitting tragedy resulting from a hero being confused after encountering new religious norms and then mistaking the martial spirit originally believed in by Christianity. “Macbeth” was staged in the tension between the pagan warrior ethics and the Christian evangelization, and Macbeth was the typical figure in this paradoxical conflict. Shakespeare’s field of vision is vast. Any attempt to understand Shakespeare in a single mode (such as viewing it as a pure Christian tragedy or merely using moral criticism) is one-sided. This article will focus on in-depth analysis of the script, trying to find something that has been overlooked.