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目的:研究性别、年龄、体质量和麻醉时间是否为儿童术后呕吐(POV)的影响因素,比较阿扎司琼、昂丹司琼、托烷司琼、地塞米松和胃复安预防POV的效果。方法:择期外科患儿800例,根据性别(男/女)、年龄(2~5/6~12岁)、体质量(<20/≥20kg)和麻醉时间(≤20/>20min)分成4组。另选600例腹股沟斜疝疝囊高扎术患儿,随机分为6组(n=100),分别在术毕时静注阿扎司琼(A组)、昂丹司琼(B组)、托烷司琼(C组)、地塞米松(D组)、胃复安(E组)和空白生理盐水(F组)。观察并比较患儿术后24h POV发生情况。结果:男性组与女性组POV发生组间比较差异显著性;2~5岁组、体质量<20kg组、麻醉时间≤20min组的POV发生率明显低于对应的6~12岁组、≥20kg体质量组及麻醉时间>20min组(P<0.05)。A、B、C、D、E组POV的发生率(1%、3%、4%、8%、17%)均明显低于F组(29%,P<0.05);A、B、C和D组组间比较差异无统计学意义,但A、B、C和D组POV发生率均明显低于E组(P<0.05)。结论:年龄、体质量和麻醉时间是儿童POV发生的影响因素。阿扎司琼、昂丹司琼、托烷司琼、地塞米松和胃复安均能有效预防儿童POV的发生,但5-HT3受体拮抗剂为儿童首选预防药。
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether sex, age, body weight and time of anesthesia are the influencing factors of postoperative vomiting (POV) in children. Psoriasis prevention was compared with that of azoxystron, ondansetron, tropisetron, dexamethasone and metoclopramide Effect. Methods: Eighty children with elective surgery were divided into four groups according to their gender (male / female), age (2-5 / 6-12 years), body weight (<20 /> 20kg) and anesthesia time (≤20 /> 20min) group. Another 600 children with inguinal hernia herniation were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 100) .Azosumab (group A), ondansetron (group B) , Tropisetron (group C), dexamethasone (group D), metoclopramide (group E) and blank saline (group F). The incidence of postoperative 24h POV was observed and compared. Results: The incidence of POV in male and female groups was significantly different. The incidence of POV in 2-5-year-old group, body weight <20kg group, anesthesia time≤20min group was significantly lower than that of corresponding 6-12-year-old group, ≥20kg Body weight and anesthesia time> 20min group (P <0.05). The incidence of POV in groups A, B, C, D and E was significantly lower than that in group F (29%, P <0.05). A, B, C There was no significant difference between group D and group D, but the incidences of POV in group A, B, C and D were significantly lower than those in group E (P <0.05). Conclusion: Age, body weight and anesthesia time are the influencing factors of POV in children. Asaziqan, ondansetron, tropisetron, dexamethasone and metoclopramide can effectively prevent the occurrence of POV in children, but 5-HT3 receptor antagonist is the primary preventive drug for children.