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金属和围绕我们周围的所有物体一样,都是由各个所谓原子的微粒所组成的,这些微粒甚至用最大的显微镜也是看不见的。不过原子也是由更小的微粒——质子、电子、中子——所组成。质子与电子均有电荷:质子带正电何、电子带负电荷;中子则没有任何电荷。假如两个质子位置很近时,它们就相互排斥,因为它们所带电荷是一样的。两个电子在一起也是如此。反过来,质子和电子就是相互吸引的,并且质子和电子相互吸引的力量是相等的,也就是说,质子的单体电荷与电子的电荷相等。
Metals, like all the objects around us, are made up of so-called atomic particles that are invisible even with the largest of the microscopes. However, the atom is also composed of smaller particles - protons, electrons, neutrons -. Protons and electrons have a charge: Proton with a positive charge, the electron with a negative charge; neutrons then do not have any charge. If two protons are close together, they repel each other because they carry the same charge. The same is true of two electrons together. In turn, protons and electrons are attracted to each other, and the protons and the electrons attract each other the same force, that is to say, the proton’s monomer charge is equal to the electron’s charge.