马克思不仅在多维综合的尺度上提出了三种自然(天然自然、人自身的自然和人化的社会自然)的理论,而且还论述了这三种自然间的全息统一关系。马克思和恩格斯不仅坚持了天然自然在本体论上的优先地位,而且还从自然主义的态度出发,提出了“以自然的名义”来表述自然的研究方法。在恩格斯的相关学说中还提出了十分丰富的自然生态学的观念。在马克思和恩格斯的相关学说中,他们的自然主义态度和社会实践观具有不容割裂的辩证统一的性质。 Marx not only put forward three theories of nature (natural nature, human own nature and humanized social nature) on the multidimensional and comprehensive scale, but also discussed the holographic and unification relations among these three kinds of nature. Not only did Marx and Engels insist on the primacy of nature in ontology, but also set out from the viewpoint of naturalism the method of expressing nature in “the name of nature.” In Engels’s related doctrine also put forward a very rich concept of natural ecology. In the related theories of Marx and Engels, their naturalistic attitude and social practice view have the character of inseparable dialectical unity.