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Objective To clone the cDNA of rat α-Syn gene, investigate its prokaryotic expression and produce purified recombinant rat α-Syn protein. Methods Rat α-Syn cDNA was amplified from the rat brain total RNA by RT-PCR and was cloned into pGEX-4T-1, a prokaryotie expressing vector. The recombinant plasmid containing rat α-Syn gene was transformed into E. Coli BL21 to express a fusion protein with rat α-Syn protein tagged by glutathione-S-transferase (GST). The fusion protein was then cleaved by thrombin during passing through the GST-agarose 4B column to release the recombinant rat α-Syn protein. The recombinant rat α-Syn protein was further purified using Superdex S200 gel filtration.Results DNA sequencing confirmed that the cloned cDNA contained 420 base pairs encoding 140 amino acids, which was identical to the reported amino acid sequence of rat α-Syn. After transformation, the recombinant plasmid pGEX-raSyn expressed a soluble protein that was inducible by IPTG. The purified recombinant protein was shown to be single band on SDS-PAGE, with a molecular size of around 18000, which was identical to the reported molecular size of rat α-Syn.Western blot analysis demonstrated that the recombinant protein was recognized by specific antibody against α-Syn. Conclusion The rat α-Syn gene was successfully expressed in prokaryotic expression system and highly purified rat α-Syn recombinant protein was produced.