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以往年正常开花结果和异常落花落果的油茶样株为试材,采用碘-碘化钾溶液测定其花粉活力,苯胺蓝染色法观察花粉管生长情况,石蜡切片观察胚囊和雌配子体的发育,同时通过自然授粉和异花授粉试验观察各样株的坐果率及其动态变化规律。结果表明:正常开花结果的油茶树花粉活力、花粉管在花柱中的生长比例都明显比异常落花落果的油茶树高。方差分析表明,油茶坐果率与不同开花结果性状的样株显著相关,与授粉方式不相关。异常落花落果样株与正常开花结果样株相比,雌配子体发育更易出现异常和退化,致使胚珠畸形,导致花后落花落果严重,坐果率极低。
In the past years, the normal flowering and abnormal flowering of Camellia oleifera were used as test materials, the pollen viability was measured by iodine-potassium iodide solution, the growth of pollen tube was observed by aniline blue staining, the growth of embryo sac and female gametophyte was observed by paraffin section Natural pollination and cross-pollination experiments were observed in various strains of fruit set rate and its dynamic changes. The results showed that the pollen viability and the growth of pollen tube in Camellia oleifera were higher than that of Camellia oleifera. Analysis of variance showed that the fruit setting rate of Camellia oleifera was significantly related to the samples with different flowering traits and not related to pollination methods. Compared with the normal flowering fruiting samples, abnormal fruit droplet-like plants were more likely to develop abnormalities and degeneration during the development of the female gametophyte, resulting in abnormal ovule formation, resulting in severe drop of flowers and falling fruit rate.