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本文基于定名结构和述谓性构建了一个形式和功能相互对应的关系从句结构类型区分框架:有些语言具备专门的关系从句结构,注重限制性功能,如英语;有些语言使用通用的定名结构,注重述谓性功能,如汉语和韩语。述谓性是从功能上理解汉语和韩语关系从句结构的关键。从述谓性出发,既可以发现汉语和韩语不同于英语的类型区别,又可以发掘汉语和韩语之间的类型区别。关系从句的述谓性强弱之分是一种有意义的类型学对立,在篇章层面和形态句法层面都存在能与其产生共变的对立特征。
Based on the nominal structure and the predicate, this paper constructs a structure-type distinction framework of relational clauses that correspond to each other in form and function. Some languages have special relational clause structures and focus on restrictive functions, such as English. Some languages use common naming structures, Descriptive functions, such as Chinese and Korean. Paraphrase is the key to understand functionally the structure of clause relation between Chinese and Korean. Starting from predicate, we can not only find the difference between Chinese and Korean, but also the type difference between Chinese and Korean. The dichotomy between the predicate strengths and weaknesses of the relational clauses is a meaningful typological antithesis. Both the discourse level and the morphological syntactic level have the opposite characteristics that can covariant with them.