一中国是一个多山的国家,山区占国土总面积的70%左右,山区人口占全国总人口的39%,这些指标都远远高出世界平均水平。一方面,中国山区自然条件复杂,土地类型多样,自然资源较为丰富。山区拥有全国40%的耕地,70%的宜牧草地(坡),90%的林地。山区生产全国三分之一的粮食,90%以上的木材以及品种众多的土特产品,而野生生物资源及水能资源等大多分布或蕴藏在山区,更是众所周知。因此,山区在国民经济中占有重要地位。另一方面,山区与平原之间又有着紧密的关 China is a mountainous country, with mountainous areas accounting for about 70% of the total land area and mountainous areas accounting for 39% of the total population, all of which are far above the world average. On the one hand, China’s mountainous areas have complex natural conditions, diverse land types and abundant natural resources. Mountainous areas have 40% of the country’s arable land, 70% of pasture land (slope) and 90% of woodland. Mountainous areas produce about one-third of the country’s grain, more than 90% of timber and a large variety of native products. It is also well-known that wildlife resources and hydropower resources are mostly distributed or stored in mountainous areas. Therefore, mountainous areas occupy an important position in the national economy. On the other hand, there is a close relationship between the mountains and the plains