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以甜杏仁和苦杏仁天山野生杏种子为对象,观察赤霉素处理对种子打破休眠的影响、淀粉含量的动态变化、可溶性糖含量以及淀粉酶活性等生理指标。结果表明:赤霉素可以提高天山野杏的发芽率,其中对甜杏仁的作用更显著。种子吸水之后子叶中可溶性糖含量增高,其中苦杏仁的增幅大于甜杏仁,萌发之后2种杏仁可溶性糖含量均迅速下降。野杏干种子有较高的α-和β-淀粉酶活性,萌发种子中α-淀粉酶的活性比未萌发的种子活性高。可溶性糖含量与α-淀粉酶的活性成反比,说明可溶性糖对α-淀粉酶的活性有反馈抑制作用。种子萌发之前具有较高的β-淀粉酶活性,并且未受高浓度可溶性糖的抑制,萌发之后活性显著下降。表明较高的β-淀粉酶活性对野杏种子打破休眠是必要的。
The effects of GA on seed dormancy, dynamic changes of starch content, soluble sugar content and amylase activity were observed using wild apricot seeds from sweet almonds and T almonds. The results showed that gibberellin could increase the germination rate of wild apricot in Tianshan Mountains, and its effect on sweet almonds was more significant. After water absorption, the content of soluble sugar in cotyledons increased, in which the increase of bitter almonds was larger than that of sweet almonds, and the soluble sugar content of two almonds decreased rapidly after germination. Wild apricot seeds have higher a- and β-amylase activity, α-amylase activity in germinating seeds is higher than non-germinating seeds. The soluble sugar content is inversely proportional to the activity of α-amylase, indicating that soluble sugar has a feedback inhibition effect on the activity of α-amylase. The seed had higher β-amylase activity before germination and was not inhibited by high concentration of soluble sugar, and the activity decreased significantly after germination. This indicates that higher β-amylase activity is necessary to break dormancy of wild apricot seeds.