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为了自由设计并快速制造出机构,引入了免装配机构的概念,即采用数字化设计和装配并采用选区激光熔化(SLM)一次性直接成型、无需实际装配工序的机构。分析了机构直接成型的难点和不同摆放方式对间隙内部支撑的影响;并分析了倾斜摆放方式对间隙成型质量的影响。采用不同的扫描速度加工出不同倾斜角度的样块,测试其极限成型角;设计最小间隙为0.2 mm的曲柄滑块机构并采用水平摆放方式和倾斜摆放方式分别直接成型,验证了机械机构的SLM直接成型方法的可行性。结果表明,在150 W激光功率、600 mm/s扫描速度、0.035 mm铺粉厚度0、.12 mm扫描间距的工艺参数下,所直接成型的曲柄滑块机构可以实现预设计的动作。机械机构的直接快速成型方法使机构的形状和结构更加多样化,且无需装配工序,实现了机构的快速制造。
In order to freely design and quickly create a mechanism, the concept of a free-fitting mechanism has been introduced, one that is digitally designed and assembled and fabricated using selective area laser melting (SLM), without the need for an assembly mechanism. The difficulties of direct forming of the mechanism and the influence of different patterns on the internal support of the gap were analyzed. The influence of the inclined pattern on the quality of the gap was analyzed. The specimens with different tilt angles were machined with different scanning speed to test the ultimate forming angle. The design of the crank-slider mechanism with a minimum clearance of 0.2 mm was directly formed by horizontal placement and inclined placement, respectively. The feasibility of SLM direct forming method. The results show that the directly-programmed crank-slider mechanism can achieve pre-designed motion at 150 W laser power, 600 mm / s scan speed, 0.035 mm ply thickness, and .12 mm scan pitch. The rapid prototyping method of mechanical mechanism makes the shape and structure of the mechanism more diversified and eliminates the need of assembly process, thus realizing the rapid manufacturing of the mechanism.