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摘 要:本文對名词性从句中关联词的使用进行了详细阐述,以期对英语教学有所助益。
关键词:名词性从句;关联词;探讨
一、关联词的基本用法
1.补全句子的主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和表语,使用连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever。
例:(2013北京) makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
(主语从句缺主语指物, 用 what。)
例:(2014山東)It is difficult for us to imagine ife was like for slaves in the ancient world.
(宾语从句中的介词 for后缺宾语, 所以用what。)
例:They don’t care for will win in the election.
介词for后的宾语从句缺主语指人,所以用who
2.补全句子的状语,用连接副词 where, when, how, why。
例:(2015湖南)You have to know you are going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
(know 后的宾语从句不缺主语、宾语、表语和补语, 所以考虑状语,根据逻辑关系,所以用where。)
例:(2015四川)The exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution.
(tell后宾语从句不缺主语和宾语,所以用原因状语why。)
3.当句子不缺句子成分时,用从属连词that 和whether。 肯定的事情用that,不肯定的事情用whether / if。
例:(2013陕西)It remains to be seen the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.
(由remains to be seen 可知事情不确定,所以主语从句用whether.)
例:(2016北京)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is one can be entirely free from dust.
(表语从句不缺句子成分,肯定的事情用that。)
二、that 和 what 的区别
1. 引导名词性从句时,what要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分,that不作任何成分,只在语法上起连接的作用。
例如:___ he needs is ____ he can have a good rest.
(主语从句 he needs 缺宾语,所以用 what; 表语从句he can have a good rest 不缺成分,所以用 that。)
2. that还可以引导定语从句, what 只能引导名词性从句, what =先行词+that(which)。
比较:(1)We are talking about the things we will do next.
(有先行词things,是定语从句,所以用that 或which。)
(2)We are talking about we will do next.
(about 后面是宾语从句,句子中缺宾语,所以用what,此处what = the things that / which。)
三、if和whether 的区别
1.引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时,要用连词whether,不用if。
2.宾语从句whether 和if 都可以,但是介词后的宾语从句只用whether,习惯上也只能说whether… or not,而不说if …or not。
3.和不定式连用时用 whether。
四、what 和 how 的区别
what要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分,how 要当方式状语。
比较:(1) he will do is none of our business.
(主语从句he will do , do 后缺少宾语,所以用what。)
(2) he will do it is none of our business.
(主语从句he will do it , do 后有it宾语,所以用how。)
五、that 引导的定语从句和同位语从句的区别
1.that 引导定语从句时,从句不完整,that要在从句中充当句子成分。
2.that引导同位语从句,从句完整,that只起连接作用,不在从句中做成分。
比较:(1)The news that our team won the match was exciting.
(在此从句中that our team won the match,有主语和宾语,不缺主语和宾语,that 不做成分,只引导句子,所以此从句是同位语从句。)
(2)The news that we heard on the radio was exciting.
(that在从句中做 heard 的宾语,充当从句的宾语,所以这是个定语从句。)
六、whatever / whenever…和 no matter what, no matter when…的区别
whatever / whenever …既可以引导名词性从句,又可以引导让步状语从句,no matter what / when…只能引导让步状语从句。
比较:(1) he likes will be given to him.
(主语从句,缺宾语,所以用whatever。)
(2) he likes , his parents will give him.
(让步状语从句所以既可用no matter what,也可以用whatever。)
关键词:名词性从句;关联词;探讨
一、关联词的基本用法
1.补全句子的主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和表语,使用连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever。
例:(2013北京) makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
(主语从句缺主语指物, 用 what。)
例:(2014山東)It is difficult for us to imagine ife was like for slaves in the ancient world.
(宾语从句中的介词 for后缺宾语, 所以用what。)
例:They don’t care for will win in the election.
介词for后的宾语从句缺主语指人,所以用who
2.补全句子的状语,用连接副词 where, when, how, why。
例:(2015湖南)You have to know you are going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
(know 后的宾语从句不缺主语、宾语、表语和补语, 所以考虑状语,根据逻辑关系,所以用where。)
例:(2015四川)The exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution.
(tell后宾语从句不缺主语和宾语,所以用原因状语why。)
3.当句子不缺句子成分时,用从属连词that 和whether。 肯定的事情用that,不肯定的事情用whether / if。
例:(2013陕西)It remains to be seen the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.
(由remains to be seen 可知事情不确定,所以主语从句用whether.)
例:(2016北京)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is one can be entirely free from dust.
(表语从句不缺句子成分,肯定的事情用that。)
二、that 和 what 的区别
1. 引导名词性从句时,what要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分,that不作任何成分,只在语法上起连接的作用。
例如:___ he needs is ____ he can have a good rest.
(主语从句 he needs 缺宾语,所以用 what; 表语从句he can have a good rest 不缺成分,所以用 that。)
2. that还可以引导定语从句, what 只能引导名词性从句, what =先行词+that(which)。
比较:(1)We are talking about the things we will do next.
(有先行词things,是定语从句,所以用that 或which。)
(2)We are talking about we will do next.
(about 后面是宾语从句,句子中缺宾语,所以用what,此处what = the things that / which。)
三、if和whether 的区别
1.引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时,要用连词whether,不用if。
2.宾语从句whether 和if 都可以,但是介词后的宾语从句只用whether,习惯上也只能说whether… or not,而不说if …or not。
3.和不定式连用时用 whether。
四、what 和 how 的区别
what要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分,how 要当方式状语。
比较:(1) he will do is none of our business.
(主语从句he will do , do 后缺少宾语,所以用what。)
(2) he will do it is none of our business.
(主语从句he will do it , do 后有it宾语,所以用how。)
五、that 引导的定语从句和同位语从句的区别
1.that 引导定语从句时,从句不完整,that要在从句中充当句子成分。
2.that引导同位语从句,从句完整,that只起连接作用,不在从句中做成分。
比较:(1)The news that our team won the match was exciting.
(在此从句中that our team won the match,有主语和宾语,不缺主语和宾语,that 不做成分,只引导句子,所以此从句是同位语从句。)
(2)The news that we heard on the radio was exciting.
(that在从句中做 heard 的宾语,充当从句的宾语,所以这是个定语从句。)
六、whatever / whenever…和 no matter what, no matter when…的区别
whatever / whenever …既可以引导名词性从句,又可以引导让步状语从句,no matter what / when…只能引导让步状语从句。
比较:(1) he likes will be given to him.
(主语从句,缺宾语,所以用whatever。)
(2) he likes , his parents will give him.
(让步状语从句所以既可用no matter what,也可以用whatever。)