如何理解无神论和做好无神论宣传,如何体现对宗教信仰自由的尊重和保护,对于当前我国对宗教的积极引导都至关重要。本文尝试对这些基本问题加以阐述,包括论科学宣传无神论、论保护公民宗教信仰自由和论科学宣传无神论与保护宗教信仰自由二者之辩证关系这三方面的内容,并对马克思主义经典作家和中国共产党建党以来关于宗教信徒究竟能否入党这一问题从理论和实践两个层面加以论述。 How to understand atheism and do atheism publicity, how to show respect and protection of freedom of religious belief is very important to our country’s active guidance on religion. This article attempts to elaborate on these basic issues, including the three aspects of scientific advocacy atheism, on the protection of citizens’ freedom of religious belief and on the dialectic relationship between atheism of scientific propaganda and the protection of freedom of religious belief. The article also analyzes Marxist classics and China Since the founding of the Communist Party, the issue of whether religious believers can join the party can be discussed from two aspects of theory and practice.