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针对我国丘陵山地作业大型机械不适宜、小型手扶类拖拉机动力不足的问题,以减阻和提高土薯分离效率为目标,设计了一种铲筛激振式马铃薯挖掘机。该机将挖掘铲后端设计成栅格状,分离筛各齿条倾角由内向外增大,增加了土薯分离面积;采用铰链四杆式摆动机构和组合式偏心轮,可实现挖掘铲倾角和振幅调整。田间试验表明,该机土薯分离效果良好,明薯率为96.2%,挖净率为97.8%,伤薯率低于3.9%;在前进速度为0.34 m/s情况下,无振动时的平均牵引阻力为1 498 N,而频率为14 Hz,振幅为4 mm和8 mm时的平均牵引阻力分别为1 204 N和995 N。研究表明,振动挖掘可以降低牵引阻力,提高土薯分离效率,所设计的挖掘机性能指标均满足作业要求。
In view of the problem that the large-scale machinery in hilly and mountainous regions of our country is not suitable and the power of small-sized tractor is insufficient, a shovel-shovel-type potato digger is designed to reduce drag and improve the separation efficiency of potato and potato. The rear end of the digging shovel is designed into a grid shape, and the inclination angle of each rack of the separating sieve is increased from the inside to the outside, thereby increasing the separation area of the potato and potato; the hinged four-bar swinging mechanism and the combined eccentric wheel can realize the digging dip angle And amplitude adjustment. Field experiments showed that the separation efficiency of potato was good, the rate of sweet potatoes was 96.2%, the digging rate was 97.8% and the rate of injury and potato was less than 3.9%. When the speed of advance was 0.34 m / s, Traction resistance was 1 498 N. The average drag resistance at 14 Hz and amplitude 4 mm and 8 mm was 1 204 N and 995 N, respectively. The research shows that the vibration excavation can reduce the traction resistance and improve the potato separation efficiency. The designed excavator performance indexes meet the operation requirements.