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目的分析恶性肿瘤患者并发颈内静脉血栓栓塞(venous thromboembolism,VTE)及四肢VTE的危险因素。方法经血管彩色多普勒超声诊断的恶性肿瘤并VTE患者79例,依据血栓形成部位不同分为颈内VTE组36例和四肢VTE组43例,分析肿瘤特性与VTE的关系,并比较性别、肿瘤有无转移及淋巴结压迫等血栓形成危险因素。结果恶性肿瘤并颈内或四肢VTE与患者性别、肿瘤有无转移及局部淋巴结压迫有关(P<0.05);颈内VTE多见于男性,多数患者有局部淋巴结压迫症状;四肢VTE多见于女性,局部淋巴结压迫症状少见;颈内VTE多见于鳞癌患者,四肢VTE多见于腺癌患者。结论颈内及四肢静脉血栓形成与肿瘤组织病理类型、临床分期、病种及患者性别等有关;血管彩色多普勒超声可作为VTE首选检查方法。
Objective To analyze the risk factors of jugular vein thromboembolism (VTE) and VTE in patients with malignant tumors. Methods Twenty-nine patients with malignant tumors diagnosed by vascular color Doppler ultrasound and 79 with VTE were divided into 36 cases with VTE in the neck and 43 cases with VTE in the extremities according to the site of thrombosis. The relationship between tumor characteristics and VTE was analyzed. Tumor metastasis and lymph node compression and other thrombosis risk factors. Results Malignant tumors and VTE in the neck or extremities were related to gender, tumor metastasis, and regional lymph node compression (P<0.05). VTE in the neck was more common in males, and most patients had local lymph node compression symptoms. VTE was more common in women than in women. Symptoms of lymph node compression are rare; intra-cervical VTE is more common in patients with squamous cell carcinoma, and VTE in the extremities is more common in patients with adenocarcinoma. Conclusion The venous thrombosis in the neck and the extremities is related to the histopathological type, clinical stage, disease type and patient gender. Vascular color Doppler ultrasound can be used as the first choice for VTE examination.