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目的分析唐山市农村地区慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的危险因素。方法以唐山市农村地区40岁以上人群COPD流行病学调查中确诊的190例(男120例、女70例)患者作为病例组,按性别相同、年龄±5岁的条件从每位患者的邻居中选取两名健康者作为对照组(男240例、女140例),进行1∶2匹配的病例对照研究,应用条件Logistic回归进行危险因素分析。结果单因素分析结果显示,职业性粉尘或化学物质暴露(OR=4.738,95%CI:3.045～7.371)、吸烟(OR=3.973,95%CI:2.749～5.742)、吸烟指数(OR=3.751,95%CI:2.602～5.407)、低体重(OR=2.785,95%CI:2.018～3.844)和呼吸疾病家族史(OR=2.231,95%CI:1.434～3.472)与COPD的关联具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,职业性粉尘或化学物质暴露(OR=4.997,95%CI:3.033～8.234)、吸烟(OR=3.311,95%CI:1.175～9.327)、低体重(OR=2.479,95%CI:1.732～3.547)和呼吸疾病家族史(OR=2.217,95%CI:1.311～3.750)为COPD的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论职业性粉尘或化学物质暴露、吸烟、低体重和呼吸疾病家族史是唐山市农村地区人群患COPD的危险因素。
Objective To analyze the risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in rural areas of Tangshan City. Methods Totally 190 cases (120 males and 70 females) diagnosed in the COPD epidemiological survey of over 40 years old people in rural areas of Tangshan City were selected as the case group. According to the gender of the same age and the age of 5 years old, Two healthy individuals were selected as the control group (240 males and 140 females). A case-control study of 1: 2 matching was conducted. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors. Results The univariate analysis showed that occupational dust or chemical exposure (OR = 4.738, 95% CI: 3.045-7.371), smoking (OR = 3.973, 95% CI: 2.749-5.742) 95% CI: 2.602-5.407), and low body weight (OR = 2.785,95% CI: 2.018-3.844) and family history of respiratory disease (OR = 2.231,95% CI: 1.434-3.472) were significantly correlated with COPD (P <0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that occupational dust or chemical exposure (OR = 4.997, 95% CI: 3.033-8.234), smoking (OR = 3.311, 95% CI 1.175-9.327), low body weight (OR = 2.479, % CI: 1.732 ~ 3.547) and family history of respiratory disease (OR = 2.217,95% CI: 1.311-3.750) were risk factors for COPD (P <0.05). Conclusions Occupational dust or chemical exposure, smoking, low birth weight and respiratory disease family history are risk factors for COPD in rural areas of Tangshan City.