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【Abstract】As one of Austen Jane’s masterpieces， Pride and Prejudice carries rich significances in a wide variety of perspectives. This article analyzes positive examples （observe the Politeness Principles） and negative examples （break the Politeness Principles） in the text to deeply understand Maxims of Politeness.
【Key words】Politeness Maxims ； Pride and Prejudice
【摘要】礼貌原则是语用学领域一重要概念，而简·奥斯汀的代表作之一《傲慢与偏见》则在多个视角承载了丰富的内涵，本文通过分析文本中遵循与违背礼貌原则的具体体现来感受《傲慢与偏见》的经典语言魅力。
【关键词】礼貌原则 ； 《傲慢与偏见》
【中图分类号】G64 【文献标识码】B 【文章编号】2095-3089（2014）22-0017-01
Ⅰ. Introduction：
Leech argues that there are Politeness Principles that work in conjunction with the Co？鄄operative Principle， and identifies the following six doubles associated with Politeness Maxims： Tact Maxim （The speaker minimizes the cost to the listener； and correspondingly the speaker maximizes the benefit to the listener）， Generosity Maxim （The speaker minimizes the benefit to herself； and correspondingly the speaker maximizes the cost to herself）， Approbation Maxim （The speaker minimizes dispraise of the listener； and correspondingly the speaker maximizes praise of the listener）， Modesty Maxim（The speaker minimizes praise of herself； and correspondingly the speaker maximizes dispraise of herself）， Agreement Maxim（The speaker minimizes disagreement between herself and the listener； and correspondingly the speaker maximizes agreement between herself and the listener）， Sympathy Maxim （The speaker minimizes antipathy between herself and the listener； and correspondingly the speaker maximizes sympathy between herself and the listener）.
Ⅱ. Interpretation：
Pride and Prejudice vividly embodies the Politeness Principles. The movie is full of elegant， humorous and satirical dialogues. The following examples are taken from the actor’s lines. To be clear， these examples are divided into positive examples （Observe the Politeness Principles） and negative ones （Break the Politeness Principles） which may serve to understand Maxims of Politeness deeply.
A. Positive aspect：
Mr. Bingley： Your friend Miss Lucas is a most amusing young woman.
Miss Elizabeth： Yes， I adore her.
Both Bingley and Lizzie were frank and passionate young people. They reached the agreement toward Lizzie’s good friend， Miss Lucas. These similarities made their friendship stronger and deeper. So their conversation naturally observes the Approbation Maxim and the Agreement Maxim. B. Negative aspect：
Mr. Bingley： Your friend Miss Lucas is a most amusing young woman.
Miss Elizabeth： Yes， I adore her.
Mrs. Bennet： It is a pity she’s not more handsome.
Miss Elizabeth： Mama.
Mrs. Bennet： Oh， but Lizzie would never admit that she’s plain. Of course， it’s my Jane who’s considered the beauty of the county.
Mrs. Bennet was a simple？鄄minded woman whose biggest eager was to marry her daughters to rich young men， so she tried her best to praise her daughters even at the cost of dispraising other girls. So her words break the Tact Maxim， the Generosity Maxim， the Approbation Maxim， the Modesty Maxim， the Agreement Maxim and the Sympathy Maxim. The dialogue maximizes the benefit to her and maximizes dispraise of others.
Ⅲ. Conclusion：
Generally speaking， these examples illustrate the various usages of Politeness Principles in concrete literary text. Upon the basis of the knowledge of Pragmatics， literary works like Pride and Prejudice can be analyzed. The interpretation helps us better understand language characteristics of Pride and Prejudice and appreciate its charm.
参考文献
[1]Austen Jane， Pride and Prejudice[M].Penguin Popular Classics， 1994
[2]Leech， G.， Principles of Pragmatics [M]. London： Longman，1983
[3]Yule， George， Pragmatics [M]. 上海： 上海外语教育出版社，2000.
作者简介： 段江艳（1979年—），女，甘肃会宁人，硕士，讲师，研究方向：英美文学。
【Key words】Politeness Maxims ； Pride and Prejudice
【摘要】礼貌原则是语用学领域一重要概念，而简·奥斯汀的代表作之一《傲慢与偏见》则在多个视角承载了丰富的内涵，本文通过分析文本中遵循与违背礼貌原则的具体体现来感受《傲慢与偏见》的经典语言魅力。
【关键词】礼貌原则 ； 《傲慢与偏见》
【中图分类号】G64 【文献标识码】B 【文章编号】2095-3089（2014）22-0017-01
Ⅰ. Introduction：
Leech argues that there are Politeness Principles that work in conjunction with the Co？鄄operative Principle， and identifies the following six doubles associated with Politeness Maxims： Tact Maxim （The speaker minimizes the cost to the listener； and correspondingly the speaker maximizes the benefit to the listener）， Generosity Maxim （The speaker minimizes the benefit to herself； and correspondingly the speaker maximizes the cost to herself）， Approbation Maxim （The speaker minimizes dispraise of the listener； and correspondingly the speaker maximizes praise of the listener）， Modesty Maxim（The speaker minimizes praise of herself； and correspondingly the speaker maximizes dispraise of herself）， Agreement Maxim（The speaker minimizes disagreement between herself and the listener； and correspondingly the speaker maximizes agreement between herself and the listener）， Sympathy Maxim （The speaker minimizes antipathy between herself and the listener； and correspondingly the speaker maximizes sympathy between herself and the listener）.
Ⅱ. Interpretation：
Pride and Prejudice vividly embodies the Politeness Principles. The movie is full of elegant， humorous and satirical dialogues. The following examples are taken from the actor’s lines. To be clear， these examples are divided into positive examples （Observe the Politeness Principles） and negative ones （Break the Politeness Principles） which may serve to understand Maxims of Politeness deeply.
A. Positive aspect：
Mr. Bingley： Your friend Miss Lucas is a most amusing young woman.
Miss Elizabeth： Yes， I adore her.
Both Bingley and Lizzie were frank and passionate young people. They reached the agreement toward Lizzie’s good friend， Miss Lucas. These similarities made their friendship stronger and deeper. So their conversation naturally observes the Approbation Maxim and the Agreement Maxim. B. Negative aspect：
Mr. Bingley： Your friend Miss Lucas is a most amusing young woman.
Miss Elizabeth： Yes， I adore her.
Mrs. Bennet： It is a pity she’s not more handsome.
Miss Elizabeth： Mama.
Mrs. Bennet： Oh， but Lizzie would never admit that she’s plain. Of course， it’s my Jane who’s considered the beauty of the county.
Mrs. Bennet was a simple？鄄minded woman whose biggest eager was to marry her daughters to rich young men， so she tried her best to praise her daughters even at the cost of dispraising other girls. So her words break the Tact Maxim， the Generosity Maxim， the Approbation Maxim， the Modesty Maxim， the Agreement Maxim and the Sympathy Maxim. The dialogue maximizes the benefit to her and maximizes dispraise of others.
Ⅲ. Conclusion：
Generally speaking， these examples illustrate the various usages of Politeness Principles in concrete literary text. Upon the basis of the knowledge of Pragmatics， literary works like Pride and Prejudice can be analyzed. The interpretation helps us better understand language characteristics of Pride and Prejudice and appreciate its charm.
参考文献
[1]Austen Jane， Pride and Prejudice[M].Penguin Popular Classics， 1994
[2]Leech， G.， Principles of Pragmatics [M]. London： Longman，1983
[3]Yule， George， Pragmatics [M]. 上海： 上海外语教育出版社，2000.
作者简介： 段江艳（1979年—），女，甘肃会宁人，硕士，讲师，研究方向：英美文学。