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国内外撑竿跳高项目一直被世人广泛接受的4H公式理论(即:H=H_1+(H_2+H_3)-H_4),已不满足于现代撑竿跳高技术理论的需求。本文增加H5视角,以世界高水平运动员的技术数据为实证参考,采用运动生物力学摄影测量等研究方法揭示各成绩构成分量的情况与影响因素。研究表明:1)撑竿跳高成绩构成分量H5的提出,解释了人体重心最高点不在横杆最上方时所造成的实际重心高度下降的情况。2)世界高水平男、女撑竿跳高运动员的腾越高度主要依赖于运动员的握竿高度,男子选手过杆技术优于女子选手。3)世界男、女选手的伸展偏离角度越小,人体腾起的高度(H2)就越高。4)世界高水平男、女选手的预设架距与身体重心最高点的平均距离差值呈现出绝大多数优秀选手的身体重心最高点未能在横杆正上方,且差值越大,身体重心下降的高度(H5)也就越大。
The 4H formula theory (ie H = H_1 + (H_2 + H_3) -H_4), which has been widely accepted by people both at home and abroad, has been unsatisfied with the demand of modern pole vault theory. This article increases the perspective of H5, with the world’s top athletes technical data as an empirical reference, the use of sports biomechanics photography and other research methods to reveal the composition of the scores of factors and influencing factors. The results show that: 1) The component of pole vault performance component H5 is proposed, which explains the fact that the height of the center of gravity decreases when the highest point of the body center of gravity is not at the top of the bar. 2) The world’s top male and female pole vault athletes rely mainly on the height of the vanguard of the pole, the men’s athletes over the pole technique is better than the women athletes. 3) The smaller the deviation angle of the male and female players in the world, the higher the height (H2) of the human body rises. 4) The difference between the average distance between the preset frame height of the world’s top male and female players and the highest point of the body center of gravity shows that the highest point of the body center of gravity of most outstanding athletes fails to be directly above the crossbar, and the greater the difference, The height of the body’s center of gravity (H5) is also greater.