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2009年“中国原材料出口限制案”在国际社会引起轰动。美国、欧盟等国家向专家组申诉中国限制资源出口的措施违反WTO义务,专家组及上诉机构调查并赞成美国等国家的意见,认为中国采取的部分限制资源出口措施违反了WTO义务,并否定了中国援引GATT第20条例外对其违反WTO义务进行抗辩的权利,部分措施虽可适用GATT第20条例外,但我国又未能充分举证该措施已符合GATT第20条例外的相关要求,最终中国败诉。为此,本文笔者通过解读原材料案中专家组及上诉机构做出中国败诉裁决的依据(主要针对其中的出口限制措施所引起的法律问题),对原材料案中涉及的出口关税措施是否可以援引例外提出相应看法,对出口配额如何援引第20条例外的具体情况进行分析,为我国如何实施自然资源保障措施提供一定建议。
2009 “China’s Restrictions on the Export of Raw Materials” caused a sensation in the international community. The United States, the European Union and other countries appealed to the Group of Experts that China’s measures to restrict the export of resources violated the WTO obligations, investigated and endorsed the opinions of the United States and other countries by the Group of Experts and the Appellate Body. They considered that some measures taken by China to restrict the export of resources violated WTO obligations and denied China cited the exception of Article 20 of the GATT to defend its rights to defend WTO obligations. Although some measures may apply the exception of Article 20 of the GATT, China has failed to fully prove that the measure has met the relevant requirements of Article 20 of the GATT. Finally, China Lost. Therefore, the author of this article interprets whether the export tariff measures involved in the raw material case can be cited as an exception by interpreting the basis of the decision of the expert panel and the appellate body in the case of the raw material (mainly on the legal issues arising from the export restriction measures) Put forward corresponding views and analyzed how the quota of export quoted the specific exception of article 20 so as to provide some suggestions on how to implement the natural resources safeguard measures in our country.