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级次纳米结构材料因其新颖的结构,独特的化学、物理性质,以及形貌和尺寸对这些性质极大地影响,使得它在光、电、磁等方面的性质更加丰富,为实现由下到上构建纳米器件提供了坚实的基础。由此级次纳米结构材料引起化学家和材料学家的极大兴趣,成为纳米材料化学领域中引人注目的研究方向之一。本文综述了近年来国内外级次纳米结构材料的最新研究进展,重点介绍了介孔材料、具有级次结构的空心球、气凝胶和其他典型的级次纳米结构,归纳了级次纳米结构制备中的各种液相合成方法及其特点,讨论了级次纳米结构的合成机制及各种影响因素,并在此基础上对级次纳米结构材料在一些领域的应用前景进行了展望。
Due to its novel structure, unique chemical and physical properties, and topography and size, these graded nanostructured materials greatly affect these properties, making them more abundant in light, electricity, magnetism and other properties. On the construction of nano-devices provide a solid foundation. This level of nanostructured materials has aroused great interest among chemists and material scientists and has become one of the most attractive research directions in the field of nanomaterials chemistry. In this paper, the recent progress in the research on the hierarchical nanostructured materials at home and abroad is reviewed. The mesoporous materials, hollow spheres with hierarchical structure, airgel and other typical hierarchical nanostructures are reviewed, and the hierarchical nanostructures The preparation method of various liquid phases and their characteristics were discussed. The synthesis mechanism of hierarchical nanostructures and various influencing factors were discussed. Based on these, the application prospect of graded nanostructured materials in some fields was prospected.