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长鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus alalunga)是东太平洋海域重要的金枪鱼种类之一,也是我国金枪鱼延绳钓的主要捕捞对象之一。本文根据2009~2011年美洲间热带金枪鱼委员会(IATTC)在东太平洋海域(20°N~30°S、85°W~150°W)长鳍金枪鱼延绳钓生产统计数据,结合海洋遥感获得的表温(SST)和海面高度(SSH)的数据,运用一元非线性回归方法,以渔获产量、单位捕捞努力量CPUE为适应性指数,按季度分别建立了基于SST和SSH的长鳍金枪鱼栖息地适应性指数,采用算术平均法获得基于SST和SSH环境因子的栖息地指数综合模型,并用2012年各月实际作业渔场进行验证。研究结果显示,在东太平洋长鳍金枪鱼的栖息地预测中,以CPUE为适应性指数的栖息地指数模型比以渔获量为适应性指数的栖息地指数模型预测更为准确。2012年中心渔场的预报准确性达75%以上,具较高预报准确度,可为金枪鱼延绳钓渔船寻找中心渔场提供指导。
Thunnus alalunga is one of the major tuna species in the eastern Pacific Ocean and one of the major fishing targets for our tuna longline. Based on the statistical data of the production of longline Tuna Longline from the IATTC during the period from 2009 to 2011 in the eastern Pacific Ocean (20 ° N ~ 30 ° S, 85 ° W ~ 150 ° W) and the ocean remote sensing (SST) and SSH (SSH) were used to establish the SST and SSH-based albacore tuna habitat based on SST and SSH, respectively, based on the data of catch yield and unit fishing effort CPUE. The comprehensive index of habitat index based on SST and SSH environment factors was obtained by using arithmetic average method and validated by the actual operation fishing grounds of each month in 2012. The results show that in the habitat prediction of the Eastern Pacific albacore, the habitat index model using the CPUE as the adaptive index is more accurate than the habitat index model using the catch as the adaptive index. In 2012, the forecast accuracy of the central fishing grounds reached over 75% with high forecasting accuracy, which can provide guidance for the fishing center of tuna longline fishing vessels to find the center.