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以铁矿粉、重晶石粉、粉细砂为主材料,松香、酒精为黏结剂,石膏粉为调节剂,配制振动台模型试验中的岩质相似材料。基于正交设计方法,通过直接剪切试验与单轴压缩试验,对影响岩质相似材料物理力学参数的各配比因素进行了极差分析和方差分析。结果表明,不同配比相似材料的物理力学参数取值范围较广,能够满足大部分模型试验中对岩质相似材料的要求。相似材料的黏聚力随黏结剂浓度的增加而大致呈线性增长;相似材料的内摩擦角随石膏粉含量的增加而减小,随着黏结剂浓度、粉细砂含量的增加而增大;相似材料的弹性模量随黏结剂浓度、铁粉与重晶石粉含量的增加而大致呈线性增长。以福州市金鸡山隧道围岩的黏聚力、摩擦角和弹性模量为目标,选用12#配比作为振动台模型试验中模拟中风化粗粒花岗岩层的相似材料。
The similar material of rock model in shaking table model test was prepared by using iron ore powder, barite powder and fine sand as main materials, rosin and alcohol as binder and gypsum powder as regulator. Based on the orthogonal design method, the range analysis and variance analysis were carried out on the various factors affecting the physical and mechanical parameters of rock similar materials through direct shear test and uniaxial compression test. The results show that the physical and mechanical parameters of similar materials with different ratio have a wide range of values, which can meet the requirements of most similar model tests for rock-like materials. The cohesion of similar materials increases linearly with the increase of binder concentration. The internal friction angle of similar materials decreases with the increase of gypsum powder content, but increases with the increase of binder concentration and fine sand content. The elastic modulus of similar materials increases linearly with the concentration of binder and the content of iron powder and barite powder. Taking the cohesion, friction angle and elastic modulus of the surrounding rock of Jinji Jishan tunnel in Fuzhou city as the objective, 12 # ratio was selected as a similar material for the simulated weathered coarse-grained granite layer in the shaking table model test.