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中国城市手工业、商业行会,有着长期的历史和自己的特点。鸦片战爭后,行会仍沿传統的方式发展。在清朝政府鎮压太平天国的反革命的內战年代里,許多地方的工商业行会組織先后受到破坏。战后三十年間,即从1864年至1894年,各地行会重新恢复活动的頻繁成为显著現象。行会是封建經济中排除竞爭、垄断市場的同业組織。这种組織历来都依恃封建政权的支持去进行活动,同时也就是封建政权在城市进
Chinese urban handicrafts, commercial guilds, has a long history and its own characteristics. After the Opium War, guilds still developed in a traditional way. In the era of the counter-revolutionary civil war in which the Qing government suppressed the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, many local industrial and commercial guild organizations were destroyed in succession. Thirty years after the war, that is, from 1864 to 1894, the frequent reactivation of the local guilds became a remarkable phenomenon. Guild is a feudal economy in the exclusion of competition, monopoly market, interbank organization. Such organizations have always been dependent on the feudal political support to carry out activities, but also the feudal regime in the city into