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1989年春夏之交的动乱和暴乱,猛烈冲击了中国正在稳步发展中的旅游事业,使之一度陷入了困境。在当时,大量的国外旅游团被取消,饭店客房利用率急剧下降,出租汽车、旅游汽车大批停驶,创汇额也大幅度下降。这些情况充分反映了旅游业的脆弱性和依托性,同时也说明我国旅游业对突发事件的应变能力较差,试析其原因主要有: (一)缺乏应付突发事件的经验和对策。中国的旅游业起步晚,历程短,经验少,但发展一直比较平稳,没有遇到过影响较大的突发性事件。1988年的车祸、甲肝、台风等区域性意外事件,也没有对中国的旅游业产生重大影响。1988年我国接待国际旅游者数比上年增长14.9%,旅游创汇比上年增长19.2%。因而实践中既缺乏应变经验,又缺乏对付突发事件的心理准备和可行对策,况且这次动乱和暴乱对中国旅游业影响之大也是世界旅游业发展过程中罕见的。
The turmoil and riots that took place at the turn of the spring and summer of 1989 caused a violent attack on China’s steadily developing tourism industry, making it in a difficult position for a time. At that time, a large number of foreign tour groups were canceled, the utilization rate of hotel rooms dropped sharply, taxis and tourist cars were suspended in large numbers, and the amount of foreign exchange earns dropped sharply. These conditions fully reflect the tourism industry’s vulnerability and dependence, but also shows that China’s tourism industry is less capable of responding to emergencies. The reasons for this include: (1) Lack of experience and countermeasures to deal with emergencies. China’s tourism industry started late, has a short history and has little experience, but its development has been relatively stable. It has not encountered unexpectedly major and unexpected incidents. Regional accidents such as the 1988 car accident, Hepatitis A and typhoon have not had a significant impact on China’s tourism industry. In 1988, the number of international tourists in our country increased by 14.9% over the previous year while the earned foreign exchange earned by tourism increased by 19.2% over the previous year. Therefore, in practice, there is a lack of contingency experience and lack of psychological preparation and feasible countermeasures to deal with emergencies. Moreover, the impact of the turmoil and riots on China’s tourism industry is also rare in the development of the world’s tourism industry.