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氮素的大量施用不仅会造成资源的浪费还会造成环境的污染。水稻氮素的高效利用是实现资源高效利用,建立环境友好型农业的关键。从氮素高效吸收与利用的机制及其调控途径等角度进行阐述,一是根系对氮素的高效吸收,包括形态特征和生理特性对氮高效的响应;二是地上部对氮素的高效利用,包括光氮分布、氮代谢相关酶和氮代谢相关激素等方面;三是提高水稻氮高效的栽培调控途径,如秸秆还田、实地养分管理新技术和轻干湿交替灌溉等措施。并讨论分析目前氮素高效吸收面临的问题以及今后研究的重点。
Numerous applications of nitrogen not only result in the waste of resources but also lead to environmental pollution. The efficient use of nitrogen in rice is the key to achieving efficient use of resources and building environment-friendly agriculture. From the point of view of efficient mechanism of nitrogen absorption and utilization and its regulation and control, the first is the efficient absorption of nitrogen by root system, including the response of morphological and physiological characteristics to high efficiency of nitrogen; the second is the efficient use of nitrogen by shoots , Including nitrogen and nitrogen metabolism related enzymes and nitrogen metabolism related hormones and other aspects; third is to improve rice nitrogen efficient cultivation and control approaches, such as straw, field nutrient management and light wet and dry alternate irrigation and other measures. And discuss and analyze the current problems of nitrogen absorption and the focus of future research.