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目的了解农村贫困地区小学生对营养知识知晓情况,为农村贫困地区小学生营养改善及营养知识干预提供依据。方法采用多阶段整群抽样方法,抽取河北平泉县、湖北五峰县、云南隆阳区、湖南平江县、吉林敦化市5个县区二~六年级2 939名小学生。采用自行设计的调查表,收集学生基本信息和营养知识相关信息。结果学生各项营养知识知晓率为21.4%~97.4%,其中对营养早餐的食物组成认知率最低,为21.4%,而合理选择零食的(97.4%)正答率最高。住宿生多数知识点的正答率高于走读生(P值均<0.01);父母都没有外出打工或仅父亲外出打工学生的正答率高于父母都外出打工或母亲外出打工的学生(P值均<0.01)。各个知识点的正答率随着年级的升高而升高,且地区间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。高年级学生营养知识平均得分为(6.03±1.75)分,不同年级、地区、是否住宿和父母是否外出打工学生间营养知识得分差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。结论农村贫困地区小学生营养知识水平较低。应积极开展营养知识宣教,提高小学生营养知识水平。
Objective To understand the nutritional knowledge of pupils in impoverished rural areas and to provide the basis for nutrition improvement and nutritional intervention for pupils in impoverished rural areas. Methods A multistage cluster sampling method was used to collect 2 939 pupils in grades 2 to 6 from 5 counties in Pingquan County of Hubei Province, Wufeng County of Hubei Province, Longyang District of Yunnan Province, Pingjiang County of Hunan Province and Dunhua City of Jilin Province. Using self-designed questionnaires to collect basic information and nutritional knowledge of students relevant information. Results The awareness rate of various nutrition knowledge among students was 21.4% ~ 97.4%. Among them, the comprehension rate of nutritious breakfast was the lowest, accounting for 21.4%, while the rate of correct choice was the highest (97.4%). The answer rate of most knowledge points was higher than that of the students (P <0.01). The positive rate of return of migrant workers who did not go out to work or only their parents was higher than those who both went out to work or their mothers went to work (P = <0.01). The positive rate of each knowledge point increased with the increase of grade, and there were significant differences among regions (P <0.01). The average score of nutrition knowledge of senior students was (6.03 ± 1.75) points. There were significant differences in nutritional knowledge scores among students in different grades and regions whether stay and parents migrated to work (P <0.01). Conclusion Pupils in poor rural areas have a low level of nutritional knowledge. Nutrition knowledge should be actively carried out education to improve nutrition knowledge of primary school students.