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目的确定信息技术(IT)员工主要职业紧张因素的来源,为企业和政府决策者提供依据。方法在某大型IT企业中,采取整群随即抽样,对385名负责产品开发和服务的员工进行问卷调查。综合国内外文献,自行设计了IT员工职业紧张调查问卷。预试验说明本问卷具有良好的信度(Cronbachα=0.86)。问卷采用Likert 4分法。利用SPSS 11.5软件包对调查数据进行了分析,采用主成分分析法提取初始因子,用正交旋转得出新的公因子。结果共发放调查问卷385份,回收有效问卷376份,有效应答率97.6%。其中男性231人,女性145人。对调查数据进行因子分析后,提示IT员工感受到的职业紧张因素主要来源于6个方面:工作需求、与其他同事的关系、职业前景、系统维护、角色模糊和管理任务。结论导致IT员工产生职业紧张的大多数因素都来自于IT员工的工作环境,特别是与工作和组织特征有关的压力。建议制定相应的培训、激励和应对策略,缓解员工的职业紧张,提高工作效率。
Objective To determine the source of major occupational stress for information technology (IT) employees and to provide a basis for business and government decision-makers. Methods In a large IT firm, cluster sampling was used to conduct a questionnaire survey of 385 employees responsible for product development and service. Comprehensive domestic and foreign literature, self-designed IT staff occupational stress questionnaire. Pretest shows that the questionnaire has good reliability (Cronbachα = 0.86). The questionnaire uses Likert 4 points method. The SPSS 11.5 software package was used to analyze the survey data. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract the initial factors, and orthogonal rotation was used to obtain new common factors. Results A total of 385 questionnaires were sent out and 376 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective response rate of 97.6%. 231 were male and 145 were female. After factor analysis of the survey data, it is suggested that the factors of occupational stress felt by IT staff mainly come from six aspects: job requirements, relationship with other colleagues, career prospects, system maintenance, role ambiguity and management tasks. Conclusion Most of the factors that lead to occupational stress in IT staff come from the work environment for IT staff, especially those related to work and organizational characteristics. Suggestions to develop appropriate training, incentives and coping strategies to ease the occupational stress of employees and improve work efficiency.