目的了解煤炭行业不同岗位工种接触粉尘浓度的分布特征,为防治粉尘危害提供科学依据。方法 2015年7~9月对山东省部分煤矿,采用个体粉尘采样器采集呼吸性粉尘时间加权平均浓度,红外分光光度法测定粉尘中游离二氧化硅含量。结果调查10家煤矿,矿采工作面采集样品98份,浓度为0.03~15.65 mg/m3,合格83份,合格率为84.69%;炮掘工作面采集样品275份,浓度为0.05~14.30mg/m3,合格229份,合格率为83.63%;综采工作面采集样品98份,浓度为0.09~38.23mg/m3,合格52份,合格率为53.06%;综掘工作面采集样品63份,浓度为0.36~15.24mg/m3,合格29份,合格率为46.03%;不同工种工人接触粉尘浓度差异较大(P<0.01)。结论综采、综掘工作面仍是煤矿产尘量最大的作业场所,生产性粉尘浓度超过国家职业接触限值数倍甚至数十倍。 Objective To understand the distribution characteristics of contact dust concentration in different positions in the coal industry and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of dust hazards. Methods From July to September 2015, we collected time-weighted average concentrations of respiratory dust from individual dust samplers in some coal mines in Shandong Province. The content of free silica in dust was determined by infrared spectrophotometry. Results A total of 98 samples collected from 10 coal mines and mining mines were collected at a concentration of 0.03-15.65 mg / m3 and 83 were passed, with a pass rate of 84.69%. 275 samples were collected from the working face with a concentration of 0.05-14.30 mg / m3, 229 qualified, with a pass rate of 83.63%; 98 fully mechanized mining face samples collected, the concentration of 0.09 ~ 38.23mg / m3, qualified 52, the pass rate of 53.06%; fully mechanized mining face samples collected 63, concentration 0.36 ~ 15.24mg / m3, 29 qualified, the pass rate was 46.03%; different types of workers exposed to dust concentrations were significantly different (P <0.01). Conclusion Fully mechanized mining and fully mechanized mining face is still the largest dust-producing workplace in coal mines. The concentration of productive dust exceeds the national occupational exposure limits by several times or even tens of times.