Wolbachia can profoundly influence the survival,reproduction,and defenses of insect hosts.These interactions could potentially be haessed for managing pests or insecttransmitted diseases.Diaphorina citri Kuwayama is a phloem-feeding pest capable of transmitting the putative causal agent of citrus greening,Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas).Like many insects,D.citri is also infected with Wolbachia (wDi).Recent studies indicate that the relative abundance of wDi could be associated with the abundance of CLas,and that wDi may contribute to regulating expression of phage lytic cycle genes in CLas,suggesting the need for better understanding of wDi biology in general.This study investigated the genetic diversity of wDi among D.citri in populations spanning eleven countries and two U.S.territories.Six Wolbachia genes,wsp,coxA,fbpA,ftsZ,gatB,and hcpA,were sequenced and compared across samples.Two prevalent wDi strains were identified across the samples,and screening of clone libraries revealed possible coinfection of wDi strains in specific populations.D.cirri mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit Ⅰ gene (mtCOI) were more divergent between D.citri populations that were infected with different wDi strains or had different infection statuses (single infection vs.coinfection).While we could not eliminate the possibility that mateal transmission may contribute to such pattes,it is also possible that wDi may induce cytoplasmic incompatibility in their host.These findings should contribute to the understanding of wDi population ecology,which may facilitate manipulation of this endosymbiont for management of citrus greening disease worldwide.