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目的分析1985-2014年30年间中国白族儿童青少年体格生长发育和营养改善情况,评价并提出改善白族儿童青少年目前生长发育和营养现状的建议。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法,在云南省大理州随机抽取2个县12所中小学7~18岁白族学生作为研究对象。采用WHO-2006标准,对1985-2014年间历次参加全国学生体质健康调研的学生进行生长迟缓和消瘦检出率的变化情况的比较,并分析2000-2014年间学生体格生长发育的变化趋势。结果白族7~18岁学生营养不良率全面下降。1985年、2000年、2010年和2014年7~18岁男生生长迟滞率分别为20.0%、16.2%、7.9%和4.3%,消瘦率分别为12.6%、8.1%、11.7%和8.6%,营养不良率分别为32.6%、24.3%、19.6%和12.9%;7~18岁女生生长迟滞率分别为21.3%、14.7%、8.9%和4.0%,消瘦率分别为8.4%、5.7%、8.9%和6.5%,营养不良率分别为29.8%、20.4%、17.8%和10.5%。2000-2014年15年间白族男、女生身高发育的突增期为12~14岁和10~12岁,女生比男生提前2年进入突增高峰年龄。2000年、2005年、2010年和2014年白族18岁身高性差分别为10.04cm、12.27 cm、12.30 cm和12.82 cm男女生身高突增值和突增幅度全距均呈现逐年递减的趋势。学生体重指数(BMI)的变化较为平稳。结论白族儿童青少年营养状况显著持续改善,体格发育和营养状况处于旺盛的正向生长。
Objective To analyze the physical growth and nutrition improvement of Bai children and adolescents in China during the 30 years from 1985 to 2014 and to evaluate and propose the suggestions to improve the current growth and nutrition status of Bai children and adolescents. Methods A multistage stratified stratified random cluster sampling method was used to randomly select Bai students aged 7-18 in 12 primary and secondary schools in 2 counties in Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province. The WHO-2006 standard was used to compare the changes of growth retardation and weight loss among students who participated in the National Student Health Survey from 1985 to 2014. The changes of physical growth and development of students during 2000-2014 were also analyzed. Results Baizu 7 to 18-year-old students overall malnutrition rate decreased. The rate of hysteresis was 20.0%, 16.2%, 7.9% and 4.3% for boys aged 7-18 years in 1985, 2000, 2010 and 2014 respectively, and the rate of hysteresis was 12.6%, 8.1%, 11.7% and 8.6% The rate of unfavorable growth was 32.6%, 24.3%, 19.6% and 12.9% respectively. The growth retardation rates of girls aged 7-18 were 21.3%, 14.7%, 8.9% and 4.0%, respectively. The wasting rates were 8.4%, 5.7% and 8.9% And 6.5%, malnutrition rates were 29.8%, 20.4%, 17.8% and 10.5% respectively. During the 15 years from 2000 to 2014, the sudden growth of height-developing men and women of Bai nationality was 12-14 and 10-12 years old. The girls entered the peak age of sudden increase 2 years earlier than boys. In 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2014, the height difference between male and female of 18-year-olds with height difference of 10.04cm, 12.27cm, 12.30cm and 12.82cm were all decreasing year by year. Student body mass index (BMI) change is relatively stable. Conclusion The nutritional status of children and adolescents in Bai Minority Group improved significantly and their physical development and nutritional status were in a strong positive growth.