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平成时期(1989年后)的日本,以多种调查数据与不同测度方法衡量,其居民收入差距总体趋势均不断扩大,并且个人收入差距扩大程度明显高于家庭;进入21世纪,日本居民收入差距虽总体扩大趋势有所放缓,但贫富两极分化渐显。进一步探究演变缘由可知,既有转型中经济新自由主义与政治新保守主义的直接作用以及频繁爆发经济与金融危机的间接作用的国际因素诱导,又有日本结构性改革、经济持续低迷、社会结构变迁与雇佣形式多样的共同作用的国内因素主导。借鉴日本的历史经验,我国在推进供给侧结构性改革过程中,应把握收入分配制度改革重要机遇期,避免经济下行引发收入差距扩大与脱贫者返贫现象发生。
Japan’s Heisei (post-1989) Japan, with various survey data and different measurement methods, showed that the general trend of residents’ income gap widened and the personal income gap widened significantly higher than that of households. In the 21st century, Japan’s household income gap Although the general trend of expansion has slowed down, the polarization between the rich and the poor has become more pronounced. To further explore the reasons for the evolution, we can see that both the direct nexus of economic neoliberalism and political neoconservatism in the transition and the international factors inducing the indirect role of the frequent economic and financial crises are some of the reasons for the change. In addition, the structural reform in Japan, the downturn in economy and the social structure The domestic factors that dominate the diverse roles of change and employment. Draw lessons from Japan’s historical experience, China should seize the important period of opportunity for the reform of the income distribution system in the process of advancing the supply-side structural reform to avoid the economic downturn from causing the income gap to widen and the poverty-stricken people to return to poverty happen.