通过不同的Hummers法和重铬酸钠氧化法,以商业石墨为原料,合成出不同氧含量和官能团的氧化石墨。采用元素分析、FTIR、XPS、SEM和XRD对氧化石墨进行化学和结构表征。重铬酸钾氧化能得到一种氧含量低的氧化石墨,主要形成羟基和环氧基。Hummers法是更有效的一种氧化方法。使用Na NO3氧化2 h,得到的氧化石墨具有最高的氧含量(>40 wt%),形成C—O和C=O键。SEM和XRD结果表明,在这些条件中,Hummers法合成的氧化石墨的石墨层间距最大。因此,用相同的氧化方法,通过改变反应条件能调控氧化石墨的化学结构。 By different Hummers method and sodium dichromate oxidation method, commercial graphite as raw material, the synthesis of different oxygen content and functional groups of graphite oxide. Graphite oxide was chemically and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, XPS, SEM and XRD. Potassium dichromate oxidation can get a low oxygen content of graphite oxide, the main formation of hydroxyl and epoxy groups. Hummers method is a more effective method of oxidation. Oxidation of graphite with NaNO3 for 2 h gave the highest oxygen content (> 40 wt%), forming C-O and C═O bonds. The results of SEM and XRD show that under these conditions, graphite oxide layer synthesized by Hummers method has the largest graphite layer spacing. Therefore, with the same oxidation method, the chemical structure of graphite oxide can be controlled by changing the reaction conditions.