生产力与生产关系的矛盾运动,是社会变革的根本原因,是人类历史发展的根本动力。历史上的改革有着不同的内容,但又有它的共同性和继承性。因此,研究历史上的改革,对于认识今天的改革不无裨益。本文拟对西汉著名改革家桑弘羊以盐铁为中心的经济改革进行分析,以探寻改革的一般规律和得失,作为历史的借鉴。 The contradictory movement between the productive forces and the relations of production is the fundamental reason for social changes and the fundamental driving force for the historical development of mankind. Historical reforms have different contents, but they share their commonalities and inheritance. Therefore, to study the historical reforms is not without any help in understanding today’s reforms. This article intends to analyze the economic reform centered on salt and iron in the famous Western Han Dynasty reformer Sang Hongyang, in order to explore the general law of reform and gains and losses, as a reference for history.