美国不少人在谈论关于大城市,尤其是最大城市的衰落与危机问题。在诸如纽约、芝加哥、洛杉矶以及其他工业、机关、交通系统、商业群集中的人口以千百万计的中心城市,许多区域和规模领先的“传统”犹太区都已经或正在走向衰落。引起这种状况有许多原因。其中最主要的是建筑物,特别是多层建筑物维持费的不断增加;赋税、房租及其他租金和地价的日趋高昂;加上城市环境污染造成相当多的居民向市郊“逃逸”。但是,由于为数较多的人不得不驱车上下班,人口与建筑物分散、交通线的延长又引起对能源需要的增长,还产生电力供应线延长等现象。美国居住结构的特点是高密度,交通线的巨大 Many people in the United States are talking about the decline and crisis concerning the big cities, especially the largest cities. In many millions of central cities such as New York, Chicago, Los Angeles and other industrial, institutional, transport, and commercial clusters, many of the regions and the leading “traditional” Jewish quarter of the scale have been or are declining. There are many reasons for this situation. Chief among these is the ever-increasing maintenance cost of buildings, especially multi-storey buildings; the escalating taxes, rent and other rents and land prices; and the pollution caused by the urban environment have caused quite a number of residents to “escape” from the suburbs. However, as a large number of people have to drove to and from get off work, the population and buildings are scattered, and the extension of the traffic line causes the increase of energy needs and the prolongation of the power supply line. The residential structure of the United States is characterized by high density and a huge amount of traffic lines