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目的了解淄博市3~6岁儿童体质状况及生活方式现状,推动淄博市全民健身运动的开展、制定相应的儿童体育政策提供依据。方法采取随机整群抽样的原则选取704名3~6岁儿童进行体质测试和问卷调查,并对形态指标、机能指标、素质指标及生活方式进行分析。结果淄博市3~6岁男女童体质测试指标的年龄差异均非常显著。淄博市3~6岁男童的身高、坐高、体重与女童无显著差异,而胸围则明显大于女童,4、5岁男性儿童的上臂、肩胛部皮脂厚度则小于同龄女童;身体素质方面,男童的上下肢力量、速度和灵敏性优于女童,而柔韧性和平衡能力则弱于女童。淄博3~6岁儿童的特点是体型高壮、皮下脂肪较多,心脏功能较弱,力量、速度、灵敏性较好而平衡能力较弱,柔韧及协调性一般。淄博市儿童的生活方式中,饮食方面需要注意减少高热量、低营养食物的摄入。结论淄博市3~6岁儿童体质测试指标的年龄差异和性别差异均显著,加强体育锻炼、改善不良生活方式是增强儿童体质的有效途径。
Objective To understand the physical status and lifestyle of 3-6-year-old children in Zibo City, to promote the development of national fitness exercise in Zibo City and to provide the basis for the corresponding children’s sports policy. Methods According to the principle of random cluster sampling, 704 children aged 3 to 6 years old were selected for physical examination and questionnaire survey. Morphological indexes, functional indexes, quality indexes and lifestyle were analyzed. Results The age differences of physical fitness test of 3-6-year-old boys and girls in Zibo city were all significant. The height, height and weight of boys aged 3 ~ 6 in Zibo City were not significantly different from those of girls, while the busts were significantly larger than those of girls. The sebum thickness of upper arm and scapular in 4,5-year-old boys was less than that of girls in the same age. The strength, speed and sensitivity of boys are superior to those of girls, while their flexibility and balance are weaker than that of girls. Zibo 3 to 6-year-old children are characterized by high body size, more subcutaneous fat, heart function is weak, strength, speed, better sensitivity and balance ability is weak, flexibility and coordination in general. Zibo Children’s lifestyle, the diet should pay attention to reduce high-calorie, low-nutrient food intake. Conclusion There are significant differences in age and sex between the 3-6-year-old children in Zibo City. Physical exercise and improving the unhealthy life style are effective ways to enhance children’s physical fitness.