关于中国社会的劳动力流动问题的研究有很多,但是甚少有人关注在中国西部出现的麦客现象,麦客这一特殊的劳动群体自秦朝起就存在于陕西甘肃宁夏等地,因关中地区小麦比周边地区早成熟一个月左右,在每年的农历五月份左右大批的麦客开始向关中地区汇集,声势之大让人叹为观止。但是,对这一群体更多地是“流民”等一系列的负面的描述,在历史的文献之中他们更多是土匪、鸡鸣狗盗之辈的形象。本次研究以麦客为主体,深刻描绘麦客群体的生存状态以及现代社会之中麦客消失的原因。 There are many studies on the labor mobility in Chinese society, but very few people pay attention to the phenomenon of malnutrition appearing in western China. Since the Qin Dynasty, this special labor group existed in Ningxia, Gansu and other places in Shaanxi Province, As early as a month or so mature, in the annual Lunar New Year around May a large number of malnutrition began to bring together Guanzhong area, the momentum of astonishing people. However, this group is more often a series of negative descriptions such as “fledgers”. In the historical literature, they are more likely to be the image of bandits and crowds. In this study, we mainly use wheat as the main body, which deeply depict the survival status of the wheat-based group and the reasons why the wheat-based protein disappeared in the modern society.