可靠的生物标志物可以帮助被诊断为非侵袭型乳腺癌的患者免除手术和放射治疗。十二年前,玛莉·简·拉平斯基(Mary Jane Lapinski)女士在马里兰州巴尔的摩市当地的医院进行了一次乳腺癌筛查。她的乳房X线照片显示左乳房区域有多个斑点。医生诊断为乳腺导管原位癌(DCIS)——这是一种早期的非侵袭性的乳腺导管肿瘤。一位外科医生告诉她采用乳房肿瘤切除术可以去除病灶,但是医生更推荐乳房切除术,也就 Reliable biomarkers can help patients diagnosed with noninvasive breast cancer avoid surgery and radiation. Twelve years ago, Mary Jane Lapinski conducted a breast cancer screening at a local hospital in Baltimore, Maryland. Her mammogram showed multiple spots in the left breast area. The doctor diagnosed ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) - this is an early non-invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. A surgeon told her using a lumpectomy to remove the lesion, but doctors also recommend mastectomy, which means