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针对普通地膜覆盖导致的农田土壤污染,可降解地膜成本高和效果差,在农业生产中仍得不到广泛应用的现实问题,在河套流域临河区以覆膜玉米后茬种植模式,进行了旧膜、新膜及露地栽培向日葵对比试验,研究旧膜再利用对土壤温度和向日葵生育进程及产量的影响。结果表明,在向日葵的生长前后期,旧膜对土壤增温作用的影响显著,新旧膜对向日葵各个生育阶段的增温作用均表现为:出苗期>现蕾期>收获期>始花期>终花期。整个生育期5cm土层总积温,旧膜比露地高229.5℃,低于新膜101℃。旧膜比露地生育期缩短5～6d,差异显著,较新膜延长2d,差异不显著,其中对出苗期、现蕾期、收获期影响显著,对始花期、终花期影响不显著,新旧膜之间无显著差异。相关分析结果表明,旧膜和新膜与露地的各生育阶段经历的时间差与该阶段的土壤积温差呈显著负相关。旧膜再利用栽培向日葵的产量较露地增产极显著,与新膜相比,无显著差异。
In view of the common problem of soil pollution caused by plastic film mulching, degradable mulching film with high cost and poor effect, it is still not widely used in agricultural production. In Linhe District of Hetao River Basin, Film, new film and open field cultivation of sunflower contrast test to study the impact of old film reuse on soil temperature and sunflower growth process and yield. The results showed that the old film had a significant effect on the warming of the soil before and after the sunflower growth. The warming effects of the old film and the old film on the growth stages of sunflower were as follows: emergence stage> budding stage> harvesting stage> beginning of flowering stage> final stage Flowering. The total accumulated temperature of 5cm soil layer during the whole growth period was 229.5 ℃ higher than the open field, lower than the 101 ℃ fresh film. The old film was 5 ~ 6 days shorter than the open field, the difference was significant, compared with the new film extended 2d, the difference was not significant, which had significant effects on the emergence, budding and harvesting stages, but had no significant effect on the flowering stage and the terminal flowering stage. No significant difference between. The results of correlation analysis showed that the time difference between the old membrane and the new membrane and the open field in each growth stage had a significant negative correlation with the soil temperature difference at this stage. The yield of sunflower reused by the old film was significantly higher than that of the fresh film, and no significant difference compared with the new film.