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目的:了解珠江河口水体O1/O139群霍乱弧菌的污染情况,提出改善水体霍乱弧菌监测的建议,为采取针对性措施预防控制霍乱的发生和流行提供依据。方法:根据历年霍乱监测资料和疫点分布状况,在珠江水系广州段选择设立24个采样点,每月采集水体标本进行O1/O139群霍乱弧菌分离培养,对分离得到的阳性菌株进行血清分型、噬菌体-生物分型、PCR检测毒力基因、K-B法药敏试验。结果:2006年3月~2007年2月共采取862份水体样本,其中有67份检出O1或O139群霍乱弧菌,检出率为7.77%,血清型以O1群为主,尤以稻叶型占优;O1群菌株均为非流行株,2株O139群菌株检出ctx毒力基因;菌株耐药分析发现不同血清型菌株耐药谱有所差异。结论:O1/O139群霍乱弧菌在珠江河口水体环境中广泛存在,常年均可从水体中分离获得。必须加强环境水体及海水产品霍乱弧菌监测,及时了解其污染状况,以便采取针对性措施预防控制霍乱的发生和流行。
Objective: To understand the pollution status of Vibrio cholerae O1 / O139 in the Pearl River estuary water and to put forward the suggestion of improving the monitoring of Vibrio cholerae in water, and to provide the basis for taking specific measures to prevent and control the occurrence and prevalence of cholera. Methods: Based on the cholera surveillance data and epidemic distribution over the years, 24 sampling sites were selected in the Guangzhou section of the Pearl River system. Water samples were collected monthly to isolate and culture O1 / O139 Vibrio cholerae. The positive isolates were separated by serum Type, phage - biodistribution, PCR detection of virulence genes, KB method susceptibility testing. Results: From March 2006 to February 2007, 862 water samples were collected, of which 67 were Vibrio cholerae O1 or O139, the detection rate was 7.77%. The serotypes were mainly O1, especially rice Leaf type dominant; O1 group of strains are non-epidemic strains, two strains of O139 ctx virulence genes were detected; strains of drug resistance analysis found that different serotype strains of drug-resistant spectrum are different. Conclusion: Vibrio cholerae O1 / O139 widely exist in the water environment of the Pearl River estuary and can be isolated from the water body all the year round. Vibrio cholerae surveillance of environmental water bodies and marine products must be strengthened to keep abreast of pollution status so that targeted measures can be taken to prevent and control the occurrence and prevalence of cholera.