目的通过对山东省济宁市2006年狂犬病进行流行病学分析,探讨流行上升因素和更为有效的预防控制措施。方法收集全市2006年狂犬病病例个案调查资料,对暴露者咬伤部位、发病年龄、发病时间、伤口处理情况等进行综合分析。结果36例狂犬病患者均为农业人口,发病年龄以中青年及老年人为主,发病时间主要集中在6-11月,伤人犬多为外观“健康”的家犬。暴露者伤口处理不及时、不规范,多数没有注射狂犬病疫苗、抗狂犬病病毒血清/抗狂犬病免疫球蛋白。结论暴露者侥幸心理严重,伤后不及时去正规预防接种门诊处理伤口,不注射狂犬病疫苗和抗狂犬病血清/抗狂犬病免疫球蛋白,是造成发病死亡的主要原因。政府重视,各项措施落实,强化宣传教育,控制传染源,加强疫情监测,做好科学防护,疫苗预防是控制当今狂犬病的关键。 Objective By epidemiological analysis of rabies in 2006 in Jining City, Shandong Province, we discussed the rising factors and more effective prevention and control measures. Methods The case data of rabies cases collected in 2006 in the whole city were collected. The site of the bite, the age of onset, the onset time and the treatment of the wounds were analyzed comprehensively. Results All 36 rabies patients were agricultural population. The age of onset was mainly middle-aged and young adults. The onset time was mainly between June and November. Most of the dogs were dogs whose appearance was “healthy”. Exposure to the wound treatment is not timely, non-standard, most did not inject rabies vaccine, anti-rabies virus / anti-rabies immunoglobulin. Conclusions The exposed persons are lucky and have severe mental illness. It is not the reason that they go to the regular vaccination clinic to deal with the wounds in a timely manner. The rabies vaccine and the anti-rabies serum / anti-rabies immunoglobulin are the main causes of morbidity and mortality. The government attaches importance to the implementation of various measures to strengthen publicity and education, control the source of infection, strengthen the surveillance of epidemic situation and do a good job in scientific defense. Vaccination is the key to controlling the current rabies.