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为探讨鹀科鸟类间的亲缘关系和系统发育特点,应用AFLP分子标记技术,对采自中国吉林地区的鹀科17种鸟类67只个体进行了遗传多态性研究.利用9对引物,共扩增出410条带,其中351个多态条带.AFLP聚类分析结果表明:17种鹀科鸟类聚为两大进化分支,其中除栗耳鹀外的所有鹀属鸟类聚为A分支,而雪鹀、铁爪鹀和栗耳鹀聚为B分支.当相似性系数为0.75时,17种鹀科鸟类可分为8个类群:第1类为栗斑腹鹀和三道眉草鹀;第2类为白头鹀;第3类为白眉鹀、灰头鹀、黄眉鹀、黄胸鹀、田鹀、小鹀和栗鹀;第4类为芦鹀、苇鹀和红颈苇鹀;第5类为黄喉鹀;第6类为雪鹀;第7类为铁爪鹀;第8类为栗耳鹀.研究结果表明,各类群内不同种鹀间存在较近的亲缘关系.“,”To discuss genetic relationship and phylogenesis among buntings,we used amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) molecular marker technique to study the genetic diversity of 67 individuals from 17 species collected from Jilin province. Nine primers were selected to conduct AFLP-PCR,and 410 DNA bands were obtained including 351 polymorphic bands. According to the clustering results of AFLP,17 bunting species were divided into two distinct clades: all birds from Emberiza cluster A clade except E. fucata,and the B clade included Calarius lapponicas,Plectrophenax nivalos and E. fucata. When the similarity coefficient was 0. 75,17 bunting species could be divided into 8 groups. The first group consisted of E. jankowskii and E. cioides; the second group consisted of E. leucocephalos; the third group consisted of E. tristrami,E. spodocephala,E. chrysophrys, E. aureola,E. rustica,E. pusilla and E. rutile; the fourth group consisted of E. schoeniclus, E. pallasi and E. yessoensis; the fifth group consisted of E. elegans; the sixth group consisted of P. nivalos; the seventh group consisted of C. lapponicas; the eighth group consisted of E. fucata. These results indicated that different bunting species in the same group has close genetic relationship.