“如果我们忽视了对农民工的培训,不但很难改变我国长期停留在国际产业链分工最低端的状况,而且很难摆脱对劳动密集型产业的过度依赖,难以实现比较优势的动态升级和竞争优势的整体提升,甚至成为发达国家针对我国劳动密集型产业提高技术壁垒的‘殉葬品’”。“这样的判断并不是危言耸听。”国家发改委产业经济与技术经济研究所研究员姜长云说:“沿袭低工资招进——黄金期使用——过期轮换这一用工传统,我国东南沿海地区的农民工普遍存在‘过客’心理,很多农民工缺乏在输入地持久打工、安家落户的心理准备。“反过来讲,这种偏重于对农民工短期利用的模式,直接助长了企业对农民工迅速‘榨一把’的心态,不利于企业形成持续重视农民工培训的激励环境。同时造成农民工可用于培训的资金和时间资源的相对不足,导致其缺乏加强培训、提高素质的持久激励。”从另一个角度讲,短期用工行为加大了技工的培养成本,并对技工短缺推波助澜。姜长云认为,如果这些地区和企业过度依赖劳动力低成本的比较优势,甚至将牺牲农民工权益作为招商引资的筹码,极有可能错失产业结构升级的大好机遇,从而在国内外区域产业分工中弱化其产业梯度优势和其他地区的互补效应,继续停留在与其他地区之间的低水平恶性竞争的阶段。因此,能否改善农民工的就业和发展环境,不仅关系到农民工培训的基础条件,还将影响到农民工培训的可持续发展。 “If we neglected the training of migrant workers, it will not only be difficult to change our country's status of staying at the lowest end of the international industrial chain for a long time, but also it will be very hard to get rid of the over-reliance on labor-intensive industries and make it difficult to achieve the dynamic upgrading and competitive advantages of comparative advantages As a whole, and even become a sacrificial object for the developed countries to raise their technical barriers against the labor-intensive industries in our country. ”This judgment is not alarmist.“ Jiang Changyun, a researcher at the Institute of Industrial Economics and Technology Economics of the National Development and Reform Commission, said: ”Following the tradition of low-wage employment - the golden age - expired rotation, the migrant workers in the southeast coastal areas of China are generally There is a 'pass-through' mentality, and many migrant workers lack the psychological preparation to work long-term at the place of entry and settle down. “On the contrary, this mode of focusing on the short-term use of migrant workers has directly encouraged enterprises to quickly squeeze migrant workers 'Mentality is not conducive to the formation of enterprises continue to attach importance to the training of migrant workers incentive environment. At the same time, the relative lack of funds and time resources available to migrant workers for training has led to their lack of long-term incentives to enhance their training and quality. ”From another perspective, short-term workers increased the cost of training mechanics and fueling the shortage of skilled workers.Gen Chang-Yun believes that if these regions and enterprises over-reliance on the comparative advantage of low-cost labor, and even the expense of migrant workers rights and interests as investment , It is very likely that they will miss the great opportunity of upgrading the industrial structure and thus weaken the gradient effect of their industries and the complementary effect of other regions in the regional division of labor both at home and abroad and continue to stay in the low-level vicious competition stage with other regions. Therefore, the improvement of employment and development environment for migrant workers not only concerns the basic conditions for the training of migrant workers, but also affects the sustainable development of migrant workers' training.